[1]

Aristotle, Politics Aristotle : Translated by Benjamin Jowett, [Online] Available: Batche Books, 1999.

[2]

A. Meert, Positive atheism in Antiquity : a social and philosophical analysis (500 BC- 200 AD), Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, 2017.

[3]

Aristotle, Aristotle's Metaphysics : Translated by W.D. Ross, Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1908.

[4]

W. Durant, The Story of Civilization : Our Oriental Heritage, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954.

[5]

Herodotus, The History of Herodotus : Translated By, G.C. Macaulay, London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890.

[6]

Plato, Plato's Apology of Socrates Translated By Thomas G. West, New York: Cornell University Press, 1979.

[7]

P. C. Tacitus, "The Works of Tacitus , Vol. 2 - Annals (Books 4-6, 11-16)," Liberty Fund, Inc., Toronto : [Online] Available, 2006.

[8]

B. L. Shelly, Church History In Plain Language, Nashvile, Dallas, Mexico City, Rio De Janeiro: Thomas Nelson, 2008, 2013.

[9]

B. d. M. Charles de Secondant, The Spirit of the Laws, Translated by Thomas Nugent, Kitchener, Ontario : [Online] Available: Batoche Books, 2001.

[10]

J. Ferguson, War and Peace in the World's of Religion, Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1978.

[11]

M. Djilas, The New Class, London: Thames and Hudson, 1957.

[12]

N. Machiavelli, The Prince, Florence : [Online] Available: Planet EBook.com, 1532.

[13]

W. Durant, The Story of Philosophy, New York: Garden City Publishing Co. Inc, 1961.

[14]

J. V. Stalin, "Dialectical and Historical Materialism," Marxist.org, [Online] Available, 1938.

[15]

Karl Marx, Fredrick Engles, The German Ideology, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976.

[16]

J. A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, [Online] Available: Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2003.

[17]

K. Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1970.

[18]

Karl Marx,Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1848.

[19]

R. S. Hartman, "The Logical Difference Between Philosophy and Science," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 353-379, 1963.

[20]

T. Malthus, An Essay on The Principle of Population, [Online] Available: Electronic Scholarly Publishing (www.esp.org), 1998.

[21]

K. Marx, Capital : A Critique of Political Economy (Volume I), Moscow: Progress Publisher, 1887.

[22]

Plato, The Republic : Complete, in the English translation of Benjamin Jowett, New York : [Online] Available: Penguin Books, 1979, c1948.

[23]

Stéphane Courtois, Nicholas Werth, Jean Louis Panné, Andrzej Paczkowski, Karol Bartosek, Jean-Louis Margolin, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1999.

[24]

R. Descartes, The Philosophical Works of Descartes Rendered into English By Elizabeth S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross, Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press, 1911.

[25]

J. Locke, "Essay Concerning Human Understanding," Pennyslavania State University, [Online] Available, 1690.

[26]

T. Hobbes, Leviathan or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth of Ecclesiasticall and Civil, London: Andrew Crooke, 1651.

[27]

K. Marx, "An appendix to Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy," Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1969.

[28]

Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, [Online] Available: Robert Eno, 2015.

[29]

V. I. Lenin, "The State and Revolution," Lenin Internet Archive (Marxist.org), [Online] Available, 1993, 1999.

[30]

B. Kun, "Marxism Versus Social Democracy," Worker's Library Publishers, New York : [Online] Available, 1932.

[31]

B. Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism, Rome: Firenze Vallechi, 1935.

[32]

M. Salvadore, "The Jesuits Mission to Ethiopia (1555 – 1634) and the death of Prester John," in World Building and the Early Modern Imagination, New York, Palgrave Macmilan, 2020, pp. 141-172.

[33]

I. D. Rachewiltz, Prester John and Europe’s Discovery of East Asia, Canberra: Australia National University Press, 1972.

[34]

S. a.-D. A. b. '. al-Qader, The Conquest Of Abyssinia - Translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse, Richard Pankhurst, Hollywood: Tsehai Publishers & Distributors, 2003.

[35]

P. B. Henze, Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia, New York: PALGRAVE, 2000.

[36]

M. L. Dames, "The portugese and Turks in the Indian Ocean in the Sixteen Century," The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-28, 1921.

[37]

J. Diamon, Guns, Germs and Steel : The Fates of Human Society, New York London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999.

[38]

P. Scott Corbet et al., U.S. History, Houston : [Online] Available: OpenStax, 2014.

[39]

N. Ferguson, The Ascent of Money A Financial History of The World, New York: The Penguin Press, 2008.

[40]

A. Hitler, Mein Kempf, London, New York, Melbourne: Hurst and Blackett LTD., 1939.

[41]

J. Merriman, A History of Modern Europe - From The Renaissance to The Present, New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010.

[42]

P. Carley, "Self Determiniation : Sovereignity, Territorial Integrity, and the Right to Secession," The United States Institute of Peace, Washington DC, 1996.

[43]

V. I. Lenin, "The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self Determination Theses," Lenin Internet Archive (Marxist.org), [Online] Available, 1998.

[44]

W. Mekonnen, "On The Question of Nationalities in Ethiopia," Marixist.org, Addis Ababa : [Online] Available, 1969.

[45]

V. I. Lenin, "The Right of Nations to Self Determination," Lenin Internet Archive (marxists.org), [Online] Available, 1998.

[46]

R. Luxemberg, "The National Question," 01 01 1909. [Online]. Available: https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1909/national-question/index.htm. [Accessed 24 03 2021].

[47]

J. J. Roussaeu, The Social Contract, [Online] Available: Jonathan Benneth, 2017.

[48]

A. Smith, An Inquiry InTo The Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations, Milan, New York, Sao Paulo: MetaLibri, 2007.

[49]

William Little et al., Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition, [Online] Available: Rice University, 2013.

[50]

E. M. Zechenter, "In the Name of Culture: Cultural Relativism and the Abuse of the Individual," Journal of Anthropological Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 319-347, 1997.

[51]

L. Lemma, "The Ethiopian Student Movement 1960 - 1974: A Challenge to the Monarchy and Imperialism in Ethiopia," Northeast African Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 31-46, 1979.

[52]

H. Erlich, "A Political Biography of Ras Alula 1875-1897 : A Thesis Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy," ProQuest, New York, 2017.

[53]

K. Bloch, "The Basic Conflict over Foreign Concessions in China.," Far Eastern Survey, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 111-116, 1939.

[54]

Arthur William Musk, Nicholas Hubert De Klerk, "History of Tobacco and Health," Respirology, vol. 8, pp. 286-290, 2003.

[55]

I. Sage Publications, "Genesis of Gingoism," The Advocate of Peace (1894 - 1920), vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 88-91, 1897.

[56]

M. Weber, The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism, London and New York: Allen and Unwin, 1930.

[57]

J. J. Rousseau, Discourse on Inequality : Translated By G. D. H. Cole, New York : [Online] Available: E.P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1950.

[58]

F. A. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom with Intellectuals and Socialism (Reader's Digest Edition), London: Hobbs The Printers, 2005.

[59]

Aleksandar Maršavelski, John Braithwaite, "The Best Way to Rob A Bank," International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 123-138, 2018.

[60]

G. Kennan, "The Sources of The Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs. An American Quarterly Review., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 566-582, 1947.

[61]

G. Kennan, "Long Telegram," History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, National Archives and Records Administration, Department of State Records (Record Group 59), Washington D.C. [Online] Available, 1946.

[62]

D. Mayers, "Containment and the Primacy of Diplomacy," International Security, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 124-162, 1986.

[63]

P. R. Prochazka, "Abyssinia : The Powder Barrel, A Book on the most burning question of the Day - 1935," International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 143-192, 2013.

[64]

ኃ. ሥ. (ቀዳማዊ), ሕይወቴና እና የኢትዮጲያ እርምጃ, ባዝ: ብርሀን እና ሰላም ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ማተሚያ ቤት, 1929.

[65]

H. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford : University of California Press, 1994.

[66]

Z. Sultana, "Napoleon Bonaparte : His Successes and Failures," European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 189-196, 2017.

[67]

Nicholas J. Cull, David Culbert, David Welch, Propoganda and Mass Pursuation, A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to Present, California, Colorado, Oxford: ABC CLIO, 2003.

[68]

W. C. Langer, A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler, His Life and Legend, Washington D.C.: Office of The Strategic Branch, 1999.

[69]

R. Greene, The Art of Seduction, New York: Penguine Group, 2001.

[70]

G. W. Carey, The Federalist (Gideon Ed.), Indianapolis : [Online] Available: Liberty Fund, Inc., 2010.

[71]

J. Locke, The two treatise of government, London : [Online] Available: McMaster University Archive of the History of Economic Thought, 1823.

[72]

L. Carrol, Alice's Adventure in Wonderland, Illinois: Book Virtual Corp., 1998.

[73]

Y. N. Harari, A brief History of Humankind : Sapiens, Canada: Penguin Random House Company, 2014.

[74]

N. Allen, "MAHĀBĀHĀRATA AND ILIAD : A COMMON ORIGIN ?," Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 83, pp. 165-177, 2002.

[75]

K. F. Leidecker, "The Meaning of Caste to the Hindu," International Journal of Ethics, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 183-193, 1933.

[76]

Mavis B. Mhauli, End Salani, Rosinah Mokotedi, "Understanding Apartheid In South Africa Through The Racial Contract," International Journal of Asian Social Science, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 203-219, 2015.

[77]

Plutarch, "Parallel Lives of Nobel Grecians and Romans," Micro Book Studion (www.microbookstudio.com), [Online] Available, 2006.

[78]

R. Filmer, Patriaricha, or the Natural Power of Kings, Indianapolis : [Online] Available: Liberty Fund, Inc., 1680.

[79]

W. A. Budge, The Kebra Nagast : The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek, Cambridge, Ontario: Parentheses Publications, 2000.

[80]

E. P. Caldente, "The Concept and Evolution of the Developmental State," International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 27-53, 2008.

[81]

Sehen Bekele, Tsegaye Regassa, "Democratization in a Developmental State : The Case of Ethiopia, Issues, Challenges and Prospects," UNDP, Addis Ababa, 2012.

[82]

G. White, "Towards A Democratic Developmental State," IDS Bulletin, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 27-36, 1995.

[83]

T. Paine, Common Sense; Addressed to the Inhabitants of America, Philadelphia: W. & T. Bradford, 1776.

[84]

R. Obenchain, "Roman Law of Bankruptcy," Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 169-200, 1928.

[85]

C. Volney, Volney's Ruins, Boston: JOSIAH P. MENDUM, 1869.

[86]

S. Munro-Hay, Aksum, An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity, Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

[87]

Cosmas, The Christian Topography, London: Haklyut Society, 1897.

[88]

G. Rawlinson, The Origin of Nations, New York: CHARLES SCRIBNERS' SONS, 1883.

[89]

H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922.

[90]

R. Fattovich, "The Development of Ancient States in the Northern Horn of Africa, c. 3000 BC – 1000 AD An Archeological Outline," Journal of World Prehistory, vol. 23, pp. 145-175, 2010.

[91]

Fabienne Dugast, Iwona Gajda, "Reconsidering contacts between southern Arabia and the highlands of Tigrai in the 1st millennium BC according to epigraphic data," in 18th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Movements in Ethiopia / Ethiopia in Movement, Dire Dawa, 2012.

[92]

G. Hatke, Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa, New York: NYU Press, 2013.

[93]

W. L. Belcher, "Three Thousand Years of Habesha History," in Abyssinia's Samuel Johnson : Ethiopian Thought in the Making of an English Author, [Online] Available, Oxford Scholarship Online, 2012, pp. 23-41.

[94]

Procopius, History of the Wars, Books I and II (of 8), by Procopius, Translated by H. B. Dewing, [Online] Available: Gutenberg.org, September 27, 2005.

[95]

የ. (ሕትመት), ፍትሕ ነገስት ንባቡና ትርጓሜው, አዲስ አበባ: ትንሳኤ የመጻሕፍት ማሳተሚያ ድርጅት, 1990 ዓ.ም..

[96]

S. H. Selassie, Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270, Addis Ababa: United Printers, 1972.

[97]

N. Machiavelli, Discourse on Livy : Translated by Harvey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.

[98]

T. Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia 1270 - 1527 - A Thesis Submitted for the degree of Ph. D. in the University of London, February 1968, London : [Online] Available: ProQuest LLC, 2017.

[99]

K. T. Semu, "Dynamics of the Cult of Sheik Hussein of Bale, Ethiopia - Its Course and Curse of the Extremists, a Historical Perspective," Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 63-101, 2016.

[100]

I.M.Lewis, "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa," The Journal of African History, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 213-230, 1960.

[101]

F. (. Alvarez, Narratives of the Portugese Embassy to Abyssinia, Translated from Portugese by Lord Stanley, London: Hakluyt Society, 1881.

[102]

ይ. ደሬሳ, የኢትዮጲያ ታሪክ በአሥራ ስድስተኛው መቶ ክፍለ ዘመን, አዲስ አበባ: ወ/ሮ ሶፍያ ይልማ ዴሬሳ, 1999 ዓ.ም..

[103]

J. A. Karsh, "The Root of the Opium War: Mismanagement in the Aftermath of the British East India Company's Loss of its Monopoly in 1834. Honors Program in History (Senior Honors Theses).," University of Pennslyvania, Pennsylvania, 2008.

[104]

J. Ludolphus, A New History of Ethiopia, Being A Full and Accurate Description of The Kingdom of Abyssinia, Vulgarly though Erroneously called The Empire of Prester John, London: Samuel Smith BookSeller, 1684.

[105]

Samantha Kelly, Denis Nosnitsin, "The Two Yohanneses of Santo Stefano degli Abissini, Rome: Reconstructing Biography and Cross-Cultural Encounter Through Manuscript Evidence," A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 392-426, 2017.

[106]

A. Kurt, "The search for Prester John, a projected crusade and the eroding prestige of Ethiopian kings, c.1200–c.1540," Journal of Medieval History, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 297- 320, 2013.

[107]

C. R. Markham, "On the Early Portuguese Expeditions to Abyssinia," Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 11-19, 1867-1868.

[108]

W. Shakespear, Much Ado About Nothing, London, New York: Penguine, 2005.

[109]

M. Salvadore, "The Ethiopian Age of Exploration: Prester John's Discovery of Europe, 1306 - 1458," Journal of World History, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 593-627, 2010.

[110]

Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson, The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Povery : Why Nattions Fail, New York: Crown Publishers, 2012.

[111]

J. Bruce, "Travels to Discover the Sources of the Nile in the Years, 1768 - 1773, Volume III," Gutenberg (www.Gutenberg.org), [Online] Available, 2017.

[112]

መ. ሐይለማሪያም, ትግላችን ፡ የኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ አብዮታዊ የትግል ታሪክ (ቅፅ 1), Los Angles: ፀሐይ አሳታሚ ድርጅት, 2004 ዓ.ም..

[113]

R. S. Whiteway, The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 as Narrated by Castanhoso, London: Hakluyt Society, 1902.

[114]

J. L. Krapf, "Ormania and Gallas," in Travels, Researches and Missionary Labours, during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa, Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambra, Ukambani, Shoa, Abyssinia, and Khartoum; and a coasting voyage from Mobaz to Cape Delgado, London, Turbner and Co., Paternoster Row., 1890, pp. 72-84.

[115]

ጌ. (. ኃይሌ, የአባ ባሕረይ ድርሰቶች ኦሮሞዎችን ከእሚመለከቱ ሌሎች ሰነዶች ጋር, ሚኒሶታ: Getachew Haile, 1995.

[116]

M. Woube, Effects of Resettlement Schemes on the Biophysical and Human Environments: The Case of the Gambela Region, Ethiopia, Florida: Universal Publishers, 2005.

[117]

W. C. Abbott, "The Origin of The English Political Parties," The American Historical Review, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 578-602, 1919.

[118]

ደ. ዝናብ, የቴውድሮስ ታሪክ ፡ በበርሊን እንደ እሚገኝ አብነት, ፕሪንስተን: ዶክቶር እኖ ሊትመን, 1900.

[119]

J. C. Mawwell, Talent is Never Enough, Discover the Choices That Will Take You Beyond Your Talent., Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2007.

[120]

N. Mandela, Long Walk To Freedom : The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Boston, New York, London: Little, Brown and Company, 1994.

[121]

M. Abebe, "Which Kind of Land Reform for Ethiopia: The Debate Preceding the 1975 Land Proclamation," Ethiopian Journal of Social Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2015.

[122]

A. Tiruneh, The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : A transformation from an aristocracy to a totalitarian autocracy, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

[123]

B.Nega, B. Adnew, S. GebreSelassie, "Current Land Policy Issues in Ethiopia," Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives, Rural Development Division, FAO, Rome, 2003.

[124]

A. Berhe, "A Political History of The Tigray People's Liberation Front (1975 -1991 : Revolt, Ideology, and Mobilization in Ethiopia," Vrije Universteit, Amesterdam, 2008.

[125]

J. Stalin, Marxism and The National Question : English Translation reproduced from Marxists Internet Archive, London: CPBG-ML, 1913/2012.

[126]

P. Carley, "U.S. Response to Self-Determination Movements - Strategies for Nonviolent Outcomes and Alternatives to Secession," United States Institute of Peace, Washington, DC, 1997.

[127]

Public, THE FETHA NAGAST The Law of Kings : Translated From Geez by Abba Paulos Tzadua, Addis Ababa: The Faculty of Law, Haile Selassie I University, 1968.

[128]

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics : Translated by W.D. Ross, Kitchener: Batoche Books, 1999.